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Wing Chun (Chinese: 詠春 or 咏春, lit. "singing spring") is a concept-based fighting art, a form of Southern Chinese kung fu, and a close-quarters system of self-defense.
The Chinese martial art Wing Chun has various spellings in the West, but "Wing Chun" is the most common. The origins of Wing Chun are uncertain, but it is generally attributed to the development of Southern Chinese Martial Arts. There are at least eight distinct lineages, with the Ip Man and Yuen Kay-shan lineages being the most prolific. The martial art was brought to Hong Kong and then the rest of the world by Ip Man, with Bruce Lee being his most famous student. The Ving Tsun Athletic Association, founded in 1967 by Ip Man and his students, helped spread Wing Chun globally. The martial art emphasizes economic movement, softness, and relaxation, with a high, narrow stance and rapid punches. Traditionally taught within a family system, modern Wing Chun lessons have taken on a more academic and commercial character.
Wing Chun has various forms and techniques. The most common system includes three empty hand forms (Siu Nim Tau, Chum Kiu, and Biu Jee), two weapon forms (Dragon pole and Butterfly swords), and a wooden dummy form (Muk Yan Jong). Siu Nim Tau is the foundation of Wing Chun and focuses on balance and body structure. Chum Kiu emphasizes coordinated movement and bridging the gap between the practitioner and opponent. Biu Jee consists of short and long-range techniques for emergency situations. Muk Yan Jong is performed on a wooden dummy to teach the use of Wing Chun's 108 movements. San Sik is another form that builds body structure, ingrains interception and adaptation tools, and focuses on sensitivity training. Wing Chun gained popularity in the 2010s due to the Ip Man movie series, starring Donnie Yen, and has been featured in video games like Tekken 7. Notable practitioners include Ip Man, Bruce Lee, Donnie Yen, and Robert Downey Jr.